What is required to effectively remove temporary hardness from water?

Boiling is an effective method to remove temporary hardness from water primarily because it causes the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Temporary hardness in water is mainly due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals (such as calcium bicarbonate). When water is boiled, the bicarbonates decompose into carbonate, which can then form insoluble calcium carbonate. This precipitate can be separated from the water, leading to a reduction in hardness.

While ion exchange is a common method used to treat permanent hardness in water, especially in water softening processes, it is not the primary technique for removing temporary hardness. Ultrafiltration may help in removing certain particles or contaminants but does not specifically target hardness minerals. Chlorination is primarily used for disinfection and does not address hardness levels in water.

Thus, boiling stands out as the appropriate technique for effectively removing temporary hardness.