What is the significance of testing for coliform bacteria in water supply?

Testing for coliform bacteria in water supply is crucial for detecting potential contamination by pathogens. Coliforms are a broad class of bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, including fecal matter of humans and animals. Their presence in water is an indicator of recent contamination that may introduce harmful microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, that can lead to waterborne diseases.

When a water supply system detects coliform bacteria, it raises an alert regarding the safety of the water for consumption, prompting further investigation and, if necessary, remediation measures. This testing is a fundamental practice in water quality monitoring, as it directly relates to public health and safety. Other tests, while important in their own right—such as those for total dissolved solids, pH levels, and taste quality—do not specifically indicate the presence of harmful pathogens in the water. Thus, the primary significance of testing for coliform bacteria lies in its role as a sentinel for microbial contamination and the health risks associated with drinking water.