Which of the following is a typical characteristic of surface water?

The correct choice highlights that surface water typically contains more microorganisms and fewer minerals than groundwater. This distinction arises from the environmental characteristics and origins of surface water. Surface water, such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, is exposed to the atmosphere and various organic matter, which can contribute to a higher concentration of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and protozoa.

In contrast, groundwater is usually filtered through soil and rock layers, which can lead to a higher mineral content, such as calcium, magnesium, and other dissolved solids, while also offering some degree of protection from surface contaminants. Because of its exposure, surface water is more prone to contamination, which contributes to the higher levels of microorganisms. Understanding these differences is critical for water quality management and treatment processes, particularly in ensuring safe drinking water supplies.